Steel failures

  • slight oxidation

  • advanced oxidation

  • heavy oxidation

  • carburizing fully oxidized steel

Fire damage

  • slight damage: carbonization

  • advanced damage: calcification

  • serious deterioration of the material structure

Defects

  • Damages – Wear

  • Corrosion – Defects

  • Faulty injection – screed

  • Insufficient vibration compaction

Damage to concrete

  • carbonation

  • calcination